Heart Failure (HF) is a multi-faceted and life-threatening syndrome characterized by
significant morbidity and mortality, poor functional capacity and quality of life, and high costs …

Abstract Global Strategy for the Diagnosis, Management, and Prevention of COPD 2018 is a
consensus report published periodically since 2001 by an international panel of health …

Over 200 years ago, René Laennec published the first description of emphysema, an
important pathobiological element of what is today known as chronic obstructive pulmonary …

5.2. 1. Ocena funkcji skurczowej lewej komory...................................... 1052 5.2. 2. Ocena
funkcji rozkurczowej lewej komory...................................... 1052 5.2. 3. Ocena funkcji prawej …

Heart failure (HF) is a rapidly growing public health issue with an estimated prevalence of>
37.7 million individuals globally. HF is a shared chronic phase of cardiac functional …

There is an unmet need for effective treatment strategies to reduce morbidity and mortality in
patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Until recently, attention in …

КТИ—кардиоторакальный индекс КШ—коронарное шунтирование ЛЖ—левый
желудочек МНО—международное нормализованное отношение МРТ—магнитно …

Most patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have at least one
additional, clinically relevant chronic disease. Those with the most severe airflow obstruction …

The task of developing ESC Guidelines covers not only the integration of the most recent
research, but also the creation of educational tools and implementation programmes for the …

Approximately half of all patients with heart failure have preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF)
and, as life expectancies continue to increase in western societies, the prevalence of HFpEF …