Trigeminal nerve injury is known to cause severe persistent pain in the orofacial region. This
pain is difficult to diagnose and treat. Recently, many animal studies have reported that …

Pain is a very important problem of our existence, and the attempt to understand it is one the
oldest challenges in the history of medicine. In this review, we summarize what has been …

This study aims to explore whether orexin 1 receptors (Orx1R) in the ventrolateral
periaqueductal gray matter (vlPAG) play a role in the modulation of migraine headaches in …

A large percentage of primary sensory neurons in the trigeminal ganglia (TG) contain
neuropeptides such as tachykinins or calcitonin gene-related peptide. Neuropeptides …

Orofacial pain and headache disorders are among the most debilitating pain conditions.
While the pathophysiological basis of these disorders may be diverse, it is generally …

Background" Short-term" samples are not the most appropriate for reflecting chronic cortisol
concentration. Although hair is used for reflecting the systemic level of this hormone, its use …

Quercetin is a flavonoid that is widely found in fruits and vegetables. Quercetin inhibits
cyclooxygenase-2 and modulates voltage-gated ion channels, however, its effect on …

Background The neurochemical background of the evolution of headache disorders, still
remains partially undiscovered. Accordingly, our aim was to further explore the …

Painful traumatic trigeminal neuropathy (PTTN) may occur following major craniofacial or
oral trauma, or may be subsequent to relatively minor dental interventions. Following injury …

Although the modulatory effect of quercetin on voltage-gated Na, K, and Ca channels has
been studied in vitro, the in vivo effect of quercetin on the excitability of nociceptive primary …