Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a major cause of chronic liver inflammation worldwide. Recent
knowledge of the virological and immunological events secondary to HBV infection has …

Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) virus infection is a global public health problem, affecting more
than 400 million people worldwide. The clinical spectrum is wide, ranging from a subclinical …

T cell recognition of specific antigens mediates protection from pathogens and controls
neoplasias, but can also cause autoimmunity. Our knowledge of T cell antigens and their …

Dysfunctional CD8+ T cells present in chronic virus infections can express programmed
death 1 (PD-1) molecules, and the inhibition of the engagement of PD-1 with its ligand (PD …

The cytotoxic T-cell response in chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection has been described
as weak and mono-or oligospecific in comparison to the more robust virus-specific T-cell …

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) remains a leading cause of liver-related morbidity and mortality
through chronic hepatitis that may progress to liver cirrhosis and cancer. The central role …

More than 500 million people worldwide are persistently infected with hepatitis B virus or
hepatitis C virus. Although both viruses are poorly cytopathic, persistence of either virus …

Background: HIV patients are vaccine hyporesponsive. Methods: We evaluated CPG 7909,
a synthetic oligodeoxynucleotide containing immunostimulatory CpG motifs, as an adjuvant …

Background: Chronic HBV infection is a serious worldwide health problem that mainly
causes liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Few studies have explored how …

The innate immune response plays an essential role in the prevention of early viral
dissemination. We used the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus model system to analyze the …