Mitochondria calcium is a double-edged sword. While low levels of calcium are essential to
maintain optimal rates of ATP production, extreme levels of calcium overcoming the …

Calcium signaling underlies much of physiology. Almost all the Ca2+ in the cytoplasm is
bound to buffers, with typically only∼ 1% being freely ionized at resting levels in most cells …

All metazoans depend on the consumption of O2 by the mitochondrial oxidative
phosphorylation system (OXPHOS) to produce energy. In addition, the OXPHOS uses O2 to …

Recent advances have made cryogenic (cryo) electron microscopy a key technique to
achieve near-atomic-resolution structures of biochemically isolated macromolecular …

Neuronal cytotoxic edema is the morphological correlate of the near-complete neuronal
battery breakdown called spreading depolarization, or conversely, spreading depolarization …

High-resolution 3D images of organelles are of paramount importance in cellular biology.
Although light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) have provided the …

Cristae membrane state plays a central role in regulating mitochondrial function and cellular
metabolism. The protein Optic atrophy 1 (Opa1) is an important crista remodeler that exists …

During apoptosis, Bcl-2 proteins such as Bax and Bak mediate the release of pro-apoptotic
proteins from the mitochondria by clustering on the outer mitochondrial membrane and …

Bone mineralization is a ubiquitous process among vertebrates that involves a dynamic
physical/chemical interplay between the organic and inorganic components of bone tissues …

The neuronal axon is packed with cytoskeletal filaments, membranes, and organelles, many
of which move between the cell body and axon tip. Here, we used cryo-electron tomography …