β-defensins are effector molecules of the innate immune system, found in many diverse
species. Their presence in invertebrates as well as vertebrates suggests highly conserved …

Recent insemination techniques bypass the interactions between sperm and the uterine wall
because the semen is deposited deep into the tip of uterine horn or directly into the oviduct …

Inflammation is a multifaceted process involving a host of resident and recruited immune
cells that eliminate the insult or injury and initiate tissue repair. In the female reproductive …

After mating, seminal plasma has an immuno-modulatory effect on the endometrium in some
mammals. In jennies, achieving conception via artificial insemination (AI) with frozen …

Assistant reproduction technologies are in constant evolution, among them the artificial
insemination (AI). AI has been successfully used in pigs for decades, especially to improve …

Citation Shacklett BL, Greenblatt RM. Immune responses to HIV in the female reproductive
tract, immunologic parallels with the gastrointestinal tract, and research implications. Am J …

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of applying sublethal stress
treatment at room temperature, before cryopreservation (hydrostatic pressure (HP): 40 MPa …

During insemination, a large number of spermatozoa are deposited in the female genital
tract, but a very low percentage is able to colonize the site of fertilization. The influx of …

Sperm must pass a complex route in the female reproductive tract (FRT) to reach the
fertilization site and join the oocyte. Thus, it should employ several mechanisms to survive …

An adequate and clean artificial insemination (AI) technique is recommended to improve
reproductive outcomes in dairy cattle. The objective of this study was to evaluate the …