Skull sutures serve as growth centers whose function involves multiple molecular pathways.
During periods of brain growth the sutures remain thin and straight, later developing …

A glimpse into modern paleoanthropology In the last decades, paleoanthropology has been
deeply modified, changing from a descriptive and historical science to a more quantitative …

In an effort to understand the morphogenetic forces that shape the bones of the skull, we
inactivated Msx1 and Msx2 conditionally in neural crest. We show that Wnt1-Cre inactivation …

The skull is composed of many bones that come together at sutures. These sutures are
important sites of growth, and as growth ceases some become fused while others remain …

The Notch pathway is crucial for a wide variety of developmental processes including the
formation of tissue boundaries. That it may function in calvarial suture development and …

The skull bones must grow in a coordinated, three‐dimensional manner to coalesce and
form the head and face. Mammalian skull bones have a dual embryonic origin from cranial …

Craniosynostosis, caused by the premature fusion of one or more of the cranial sutures, can
be classified into non-syndromic or syndromic and by which sutures are affected. Clinical …

Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling is a critical regulator of skeletal development. Fgf9
and Fgf18 are the only FGF ligands with identified functions in embryonic bone growth. Mice …

Evaluating stress and strain fields in anatomical structures is a way to test hypotheses that
relate specific features of facial and skeletal morphology to mechanical loading. Engineering …

Background Apert syndrome is characterized by craniosynostosis and limb abnormalities
and is primarily caused by FGFR2+/P253R and+/S252W mutations. The former mutation is …