It has long been appreciated that individuals differ from each other in important ways. More
than 2000 years ago, Plato said:“No 2 persons are born exactly alike; but each differs from …

Objective To summarize the current literature on disparities in the treatment of chronic pain.
Methods We focused on studies conducted in the United States and published from 2000 …

Abstract The US National Pain Strategy calls for increased population research on “high-
impact chronic pain”(ie, longstanding pain that substantially limits participation in daily …

Objective Individuals with chronic pain are uniquely challenged by the COVID-19 pandemic,
as increased stress may exacerbate chronic pain, and there are new barriers to receiving …

Previous literature on race/ethnicity and pain has rarely included all major US racial groups
or examined the sensitivity of findings to different pain operationalizations. Using data from …

Abstract The pain of Black Americans is systematically underdiagnosed and undertreated,
compared to the pain of their White counterparts. Extensive research has examined the …

Wide-spread cultural beliefs influence personal experiences and clinical treatment of pain,
yet are often unexamined and unchallenged in the pain literature. The common cultural …

Racial differences exist in analgesic prescribing for children during emergency department
and ambulatory surgery visits in the United States; however, it is unknown whether this is …

Background: Wide disparities in health status exist in the United States across race and
ethnicity, broadly driven by social determinants of health—most notably race and ethnic …

Functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) are classified as a combination of persistent
gastrointestinal symptoms. The Rome IV criteria can elucidate several factors in the …