The adult mammalian heart contains abundant interstitial and perivascular fibroblasts that
expand following injury and play a reparative role but also contribute to maladaptive fibrotic …

Diabetes is the most frequent cause of kidney disease that progresses to end-stage renal
disease worldwide, and diabetic kidney disease is significantly related to unfavorable …

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is the most common cause of end-stage renal disease in
patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). CKD increases the risk of cardiovascular …

Perception of the role of the aldosterone/mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) ensemble has
been extended from a previously renal epithelial-centered focus on sodium and volume …

Chronic kidney diseases (CKD) and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the main
complications in type 2 diabetic mellitus (T2DM), increasing the risk of cardiovascular and all …

In patients with type 2 diabetes, chronic kidney disease (CKD) is the most common cause of
kidney failure. With its increasing prevalence and limited treatment options, CKD is a major …

Systemic insulin resistance is characterized by reduced insulin metabolic signaling and
glucose intolerance. Mineralocorticoid receptors (MRs), the principal receptors for the …

X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1) is a unique basic-region leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription
factor. Over recent years, the powerful biological functions of XBP1 in oxidative stress have …

Background Chronic kidney disease (CKD) poses a significant health risk in contemporary
society. Current CKD treatments primarily involve renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system …

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a chronic microvascular complication in patients with
diabetes mellitus (DM) and the leading cause of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) …