The arachidonic acid (AA) pathway plays a key role in cardiovascular biology,
carcinogenesis, and many inflammatory diseases, such as asthma, arthritis, etc. Esterified …

Macrophages are dynamic cells that play critical roles in the induction and resolution of
sterile inflammation. In this review, we will compile and interpret recent findings on the …

Since nuclear factor of κ‐light chain of enhancer‐activated B cells (NF‐κB) was discovered
in 1986, extraordinary efforts have been made to understand the function and regulating …

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease that involves multiple joints bilaterally.
It is characterized by an inflammation of the tendon (tenosynovitis) resulting in both cartilage …

Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) is an extremely successful human herpes virus, which infects
essentially all human beings at some time during their life span. EBV infection and the …

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is considered a chronic systemic, multi-factorial, inflammatory, and
progressive autoimmune disease affecting many people worldwide. While patients show …

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by synovitis and
destruction of cartilage, promoted by sustained inflammation. However, current treatments …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are the pattern recognition receptors, which are activated by
foreign and host molecules in order to initiate the immune response. They play a crucial role …

Objectives: Explain the difference between traditional and biological DMARDs. Identify the
indications for various DMARD agents. Outline the adverse effects and contraindications to …

Heavy metals exposure has been widely recognized as a risk factor for human health.
However, limited information is available about the impacts of heavy metals on rheumatoid …