The clinical manifestation of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) mainly targets the lung
as a primary affected organ, which is also a critical site of immune cell activation by severe …

IL-15 belongs to the common gamma chain cytokine family and has pleiotropic
immunological functions. IL-15 is a homeostatic cytokine essential for the development and …

Objective T cells display significant phenotypical changes and play multiple roles in
promoting the immune response in SLE. The frequencies of T cell subpopulations in SLE …

T cells play an important role in the clearance of hepatotropic viruses but may also cause
liver injury and contribute to disease progression in chronic hepatitis B and C virus infections …

Background Idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is caused by the interplay among
drugs, their metabolites, and the host immune response. The characterization of infiltrated …

Tissue-resident memory CD8+ T cells (CD8+ TRMs) are thought to play a crucial role in
cancer immunosurveillance. However, the characteristics of CD8+ TRMs in the tumor …

Co-inhibitory receptors (Co-IRs) are essential in controlling the progression of
immunopathology in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) by limiting T cell activation. The objective of …

The roles of tumor-infiltrating CD4+ Foxp3− T cells are not well characterized due to their
plasticity of differentiation, and varying levels of activation or exhaustion. To further clarify …

Abstract Background & Aims Patients with advanced liver cirrhosis often develop hepatic
decompensation, which is accompanied by systemic inflammation and may eventually lead …

The dysfunction of memory CD8+ T cell cannot be reverted by successful clearance of
hepatitis C virus (HCV) after direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) therapy, increasing the risk of …