We examine how 17 behavioural biases relate to each other, to three standard measures of
risk and time preferences, to cognitive skills, personality, and demographics, and to …

Aversive motivation plays a prominent role in driving individuals to exert cognitive control.
However, the complexity of behavioral responses attributed to aversive incentives creates …

Exercise and health psychology have generated 2 sets of empirical studies guided by
separate theory-driven axes. The first axis focuses on the causal relationship between …

Humans can seamlessly combine value signals from diverse motivational incentives, yet it is
not well understood how these signals are “bundled” in the brain to modulate cognitive …

People tend to gradually reduce effort when performing lengthy tasks, experiencing physical
or mental fatigue. Yet, they often increase their effort near deadlines. How can both …

Humans and other animals find mental (and physical) effort aversive and have the
fundamental drive to avoid it. However, doing nothing is also aversive. Here, we ask whether …

Decision-making algorithms face a basic tradeoff between accuracy and effort (ie,
computational demands). It is widely agreed that humans can choose between multiple …

Cognitive effort is described as aversive, and people will generally avoid it when possible.
This aversion to effort is believed to arise from a cost–benefit analysis of the actions …

How do we remember delayed intentions? Three decades of research into prospective
memory have provided insight into the cognitive and neural mechanisms involved in this …

Encoding precision in visual working memory decreases with the number of encoded items.
Here, we propose a normative theory for such set size effects: the brain minimizes a …