Background Tumor-associated macrophages, as the major immunocytes in solid tumors,
show divided loyalty and remarkable plasticity in tumorigenesis. Once the M2-to-M1 …

The main goal of immunotherapy is to turn “cold”(non-inflamed) tumors into “hot”(inflamed)
tumors, hence enhancing the response and cytotoxicity of tumor-specific T cells. In the tumor …

Metabolic reprogramming, as one of the characteristics of cancer, is associated with
tumorigenesis, growth, or migration, and the modulation of metabolic pathways has …

The impacts of patatin‐like phospholipase domain‐containing protein 3 (PNPLA3) I148M‐
rs738409, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) Ala222Val‐rs1801133, and …

Tryptophan (Trp) metabolism plays a crucial role in influencing the development of digestive
system tumors. Dysregulation of Trp and its metabolites has been identified in various …

Abstract In South and Southeast Asia, the habit of chewing betel nuts is prevalent, which
leads to oral submucous fibrosis (OSF). OSF is a well‐established precancerous lesion, and …

It is generally recognized that tumor cells proliferate more rapidly than normal cells. Due to
such an abnormally rapid proliferation rate, cancer cells constantly encounter the limits of …

Introduction Lipid metabolic reprogramming is gaining attention as a hallmark of cancers.
Recent mounting evidence indicates that the malignant behavior of breast cancer (BC) is …

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is currently difficult to treat, even when therapies
are combined with immune checkpoint blockade (ICB). A novel strategy for immunotherapy …

There is a lack of reliable biomarkers to predict and identify the risk of immune-related
adverse events (irAEs) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients undergoing immune …