The ability of the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonist ketamine to induce a rapid and
sustained antidepressant effect has led to a surge in pre-clinical studies investigating …

Rationale Unconditioned tasks in rodents have been the mainstay of behavioural
assessment for decades, but their validity and sensitivity to detect the behavioural …

Both the neuropsychiatric syndrome of apathy and major depressive disorder comprise a
heterogenous cluster of symptoms which span multiple behavioural domains. Despite this …

Chronic stress is a known risk factor for the development of major depression (MDD) and is
commonly used to induce a depression-like phenotype in rodents. Similar phenotypic effects …

Background Stressful life events can both trigger development of psychiatric disorders and
promote positive behavioral changes in response to adversities. The relationship between …

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a globally prevalent, complex disorder with a wide
range of symptoms. Current-line antidepressants are only effective in minority of patients …

Cognitive judgement bias (CJB) refers to the interpretation of ambiguous stimuli in a
negative (pessimistic) or positive (optimistic) way. Negative CJB is observed in depression …

Stress is a cross-species phenomenon throughout phylogeny that can have important
consequences both for individuals as well as for societies. Highly specific stress responses …

The neuropsychological hypothesis of depression suggests that negative affective biases
are linked to the development and maintenance of MDD symptoms as well as to the …

Processing of rewards involves three major mechanisms of cognition, motivation, and
hedonic response, and reward-related deficits seen in psychiatric disorders encompass …