Is sex a product of genes, the environment, or both? In this review, we describe the diversity
of sex-determining mechanisms in reptiles, with a focus on systems that display gene …

The chromosomal sex of the embryo is established at fertilization. However, 6 weeks elapse
in humans before the first signs of sex differentiation are noticed. Sex differentiation involves …

Vertebrate sexual fate is decided primarily by the individual's genotype (GSD), by the
environmental temperature during development (TSD), or both. Turtles exhibit TSD and …

During sex determination, genetic and/or environmental factors determine the cascade of
processes of gonad development. Many organisms, therefore, have a developmental …

Agricultural pesticides represent a significant class of endocrine-disrupting chemicals
(EDCs) to which non-target organisms around the world are constantly exposed. Laboratory …

Anthropogenic environmental change poses a special threat to species in which genetic sex
determination can be overwritten by the thermal and chemical environment. Endocrine …

In species or developmental stages where the sex of an individual cannot be reliably
identified through external morphology, molecular markers can provide a critical tool to study …

Oviparous animals, such as turtles, lay eggs whose success or demise depends on
environmental conditions that influence offspring phenotype (morphology, physiology, and …

Anovulatory disorder comprises around 30% of female infertility. The origin of ovulatory
failure is rooted in pituitary FSH secretion. Any factor or process that disrupts the finely tuned …

Sea urchins are usually gonochoristic, with all of their five gonads either testes or ovaries.
Here, we report an unusual case of hermaphroditism in the purple sea urchin …