Abstract Human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) can induce dementia with alarming
occurrence worldwide. The mechanism remains poorly understood, but discovery in brain of …

HIV can invade cells of the central nervous system (CNS) and cause progressive combined
cognitive and motor impairment in infected individuals. The cellular basis and mechanisms …

l-Glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain. Astrocytes maintain low
levels of synaptic glutamate by high-affinity uptake and defects in this function may lead to …

Infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is associated with a syndrome of
cognitive and motor abnormalities that may develop in the absence of opportunistic …

ABSTRACT HIV-1 infection within the central nervous system (CNS) includes evolution of
the virus, damaging inflammatory cascades, and the involvement of multiple cell types; …

Glutamate, the most abundant excitatory transmitter in the brain can lead to neurotoxicity
when not properly regulated. Excitotoxicity is a direct result of abnormal regulation of …

Limited drug penetration is an obstacle that is often encountered in the treatment of CNS
diseases including human immunodeficiency virus type‐1 (HIV‐1) encephalitis (HIVE). One …

Human astrocytes can be infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in vitro
and in vivo, but, in contrast to T lymphocytes and macrophages, virus expression is …

Abstract Human immunodeficiency type‐1 (HIV‐1) infection is known to cause disorders of
the CNS, including HIV‐associated dementia (HAD). It is suspected that tumor necrosis …

Considerable insight has been gained into the comorbid, interactive effects of HIV and drug
abuse in the brain using experimental models. This review, which considers opiates …