Neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) is a result of the sudden discontinuation of fetal
exposure to substances that were used or abused by the mother during pregnancy …

It is well-recognized that, despite similar pain characteristics, some people with chronic pain
recover, whereas others do not. In this review, we discuss possible contributions and …

Dopamine (DA) transmission is deeply affected by drugs of abuse, and alterations in DA
function are involved in the various phases of drug addiction and potentially exploitable …

This paper is the 28th consecutive installment of the annual review of research concerning
the endogenous opioid system, now spanning over a quarter-century of research. It …

Opiate use in pregnancy has increased dramatically over the past decade and now
represents a major public health problem. More women are using prescription opioids …

Most of our current understanding of brain function and dysfunction has its firm base in what
is so elegantly called the 'anatomical substrate', ie the anatomical, histological, and …

Drugs of abuse produce widespread effects on the structure and function of neurons
throughout the brain's reward circuitry, and these changes are believed to underlie the long …

Persistent relapse to addictive drugs constitutes the most challenging problem in addiction
therapy, and is linked to impaired prefrontal cortex regulation of motivated behaviors …

Females are more vulnerable than males to many aspects of cocaine use disorder. This
vulnerability also translates to opioid use disorder, with females exhibiting stronger …

Chronic use of addictive drugs produces enduring neuroadaptations in the corticostriatal
glutamatergic brain circuitry. The nucleus accumbens (NAc), which integrates cortical …