Abstract Purpose of Review Rates of childhood obesity have been soaring in recent
decades. The association between obesity in adulthood and excess morbidity and mortality …

Abstract Purpose of Review Adult obesity and cardiovascular diseases are closely linked.
Yet, the relationship of childhood and adolescent obesities with cardiovascular diseases in …

Objective To conduct a comprehensive review of the literature on childhood risk factors and
their associations with adulthood subclinical and clinical cardiovascular disease (CVD) …

Background: Modifiable lifestyle factors in relation to risk for cardiomyopathy, a common and
increasing cause of heart failure in the young, have not been widely studied. We sought to …

Background The relationship between body mass index (BMI) and risk of venous
thromboembolism (VTE) and pulmonary embolism (PE) is a controversial issue. This dose …

Background: Incidence rates of cardiomyopathies, which are a common cause of heart
failure in young people, have increased during the last decades. An association between …

Background Epidemiological studies have demonstrated a relationship between cognitive
function in youth and the future risk of death. Less is known regarding the relationship with …

An association between body mass index (BMI; weight (kg)/height (m) 2) and low back pain
(LBP) has long been debated, but inconsistent measurements of BMI and varying definitions …

Background Pulmonary embolism (PE)–related death is a component of the primary
outcome in many venous thromboembolism (VTE) studies. The absence of a standardized …

Background As the population of obese and severely obese young adults grows, it is
becoming increasingly important to recognize the long‐term risks associated with …