Background Type I interferons (IFN-I) contribute to a broad range of rheumatic and
musculoskeletal diseases (RMDs). Compelling evidence suggests that the measurement of …

Management of RA patients has significantly improved over the past decades. However, a
substantial proportion of patients is difficult-to-treat (D2T), remaining symptomatic after …

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is a key driver of several inflammatory diseases, such as
rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, and psoriasis, in which affected tissues …

Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are structures consisting of chromatin and antimicrobial
molecules that are released by neutrophils during a form of regulated cell death called …

Objectives An interferon (IFN) gene signature (IGS) is present in approximately 50% of early,
treatment naive rheumatoid arthritis (eRA) patients where it has been shown to negatively …

Background Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) caused a
global pandemic of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Staphylococcus aureus is …

Objectives To systematically review the literature for assay methods that aim to evaluate type
I interferon (IFN-I) pathway activation and to harmonise-related terminology. Methods Three …

The factors influencing long-term responses to a tumor necrosis factor inhibitor (TNFi) in
rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients currently remain unknown. Therefore, we herein …

Background The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a supportive environment responsible for
promoting the growth and proliferation of tumor cells. Current studies have revealed that the …

A hallmark of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and several related autoimmune
diseases, is the presence of autoantibodies against nucleic acids and nucleic acid-binding …