In China, where air pollution has become a major threat to public health, public awareness
of the detrimental effects of air pollution on respiratory health is increasing—particularly in …

Background The burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) across many
world regions is high. We aim to estimate COPD prevalence and number of disease cases …

Attempts to define concepts and things date back to the time of Aristotle, around 2,400 years
ago, when he proposed that a definition should state the essential nature or being of …

The health effects of air pollution remain a public health concern worldwide. Exposure to air
pollution has many substantial adverse effects on human health. Globally, seven million …

Particulate matter (PM) is a complex, heterogeneous mixture that changes in time and
space. It encompasses many different chemical components and physical characteristics …

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the main contributors to the global
burden of disease. The aim of this systematic review was to quantify the disease burden of …

Energy poverty has led to far-reaching global environmental issues as it can exacerbate
carbon emissions, particularly in the rural areas. Alleviating rural energy poverty might be a …

Information for Category 1 CME Credit Credit can now be obtained, free for a limited time, by
reading the review articles in this issue. Please note the following instructions. Method of …

Rationale: Although cigarette smoking is the most important cause of chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease (COPD), a substantial proportion of COPD cases cannot be explained by …

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality
worldwide. Tobacco smoking is established as a major risk factor, but emerging evidence …