The inherent or induced resistance of tumors to cytostatic agents is a major clinical problem.
In this review, we summarize the pre-clinical mechanisms of acquired and inherent …

It is not an exaggeration to state that most of the advances in curing cancer in the last
decade have come from successful combinations of conventional chemotherapeutic agents …

Abstract Learning Objectives After completing this course, the reader will be able to: List the
advantages of combination chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Explain the rationale for doing …

Therapeutic nucleoside analogues such as ara-C, gemcitabine, and fludarabine exert their
cytotoxic activity against cancer cells mainly by incorporation into DNA and disruption of …

The Warburg effect is one of the important hallmarks of cancer. The activation of oncogene
and inactivation of tumor suppressor gene contribute to the enhancement of glycolytic …

Abstract The deoxycytidine analogue 2′, 2′-difluoro-2′-deoxycytidine (gemcitabine) is a
potent radiation sensitizer in a variety of solid tumors and tumor cell lines. Previous studies …

Gemcitabine is a relatively new agent with promising activity in solid tumors. Few data are
available regarding mechanisms of resistance to gemcitabine downstream from the drug …

Cell death has been divided into two main types: programmed cell death, in which the cell
plays an active role, and passive (necrotic) cell death. Senescence arrest, accelerated …

Gemcitabine is one of the most widely used pyrimidine analogues, with a well-established
role as a first-and second-line treatment of several types of tumors. Several preclinical and …

PURPOSE: The mechanism of radiosensitization by gemcitabine is still unclear. It has been
hypothesized that the accumulation of cells in early S phase may play a role in enhancing …