Purpose of review FDA-approved B cell-targeted therapy has expanded to a multitude of
autoimmune diseases ranging from organ specific diseases, like pemphigus and multiple …

New so-called immune reconstitution therapies (IRTs) have the potential to induce long-term
or even permanent drug-free remission in people with multiple sclerosis (MS). These …

B cell depletion via anti-CD20 antibodies is a highly effective treatment for multiple sclerosis
(MS). However, little is known about the maturation/activation stage of the returning B cell …

Autoimmune diseases with B cell–directed therapeutics approved by the US Food and Drug
Administration are surprisingly diverse in clinical manifestations and pathophysiology. In this …

Toxicity studies using mammalian species are generally required to provide safety data to
support clinical development and licencing registration for potential new pharmaceuticals …

Ras homolog (Rho)-associated kinases (ROCKs) belong to the serine-threonine kinase
family, which plays a pivotal role in regulating the damage, survival, axon guidance, and …

Background and Objectives Ocrelizumab improved clinical and MRI measures of disease
activity and progression in three phase 3 multiple sclerosis (MS) studies. Post hoc analyses …

Background and Objectives Patients with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) receiving extended
dosing of rituximab (RTX) have exhibited no return of disease activity, which suggests that …

In recent years, the role of B cells in neurological disorders has substantially expanded our
perspectives on mechanisms of neuroinflammation. The success of B cell-depleting …

Objectives The exact underlying mechanism of rituximab treatment in patients with RA is
poorly defined and knowledge about the effect of B cell depletion on immune cells in …