Low energy availability in athletes 2020: an updated narrative review of prevalence, risk, within-day energy balance, knowledge, and impact on sports performance

DM Logue, SM Madigan, A Melin, E Delahunt… - Nutrients, 2020 - mdpi.com
Low energy availability (EA) underpins the female and male athlete triad and relative energy
deficiency in sport (RED-S). The condition arises when insufficient calories are consumed to …

Reasons for and consequences of low energy availability in female and male athletes: social environment, adaptations, and prevention

P Wasserfurth, J Palmowski, A Hahn, K Krüger - Sports medicine-open, 2020 - Springer
Low energy availability (LEA) represents a state in which the body does not have enough
energy left to support all physiological functions needed to maintain optimal health. When …

International Olympic Committee (IOC) consensus statement on relative energy deficiency in sport (RED-S): 2018 update

M Mountjoy, J Sundgot-Borgen… - … journal of sport …, 2018 - journals.humankinetics.com
The IOC RED-S consensus authors have reconvened to provide an update summary of the
interim scientific progress in the field of relative energy deficiency with the ultimate goal of …

Low energy availability: history, definition and evidence of its endocrine, metabolic and physiological effects in prospective studies in females and males

JL Areta, HL Taylor, K Koehler - European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2021 - Springer
Energy availability (EA) is defined as the amount of dietary energy available to sustain
physiological function after subtracting the energetic cost of exercise. Insufficient EA due to …

Effect of estrogen on musculoskeletal performance and injury risk

N Chidi-Ogbolu, K Baar - Frontiers in physiology, 2019 - frontiersin.org
Estrogen has a dramatic effect on musculoskeletal function. Beyond the known relationship
between estrogen and bone, it directly affects the structure and function of other …

Iron considerations for the athlete: a narrative review

M Sim, LA Garvican-Lewis, GR Cox, A Govus… - European journal of …, 2019 - Springer
Iron plays a significant role in the body, and is specifically important to athletes, since it is a
dominant feature in processes such as oxygen transport and energy metabolism. Despite its …

[HTML][HTML] Energy availability in athletics: health, performance, and physique

AK Melin, IA Heikura, A Tenforde… - … journal of sport …, 2019 - journals.humankinetics.com
The reported prevalence of low energy availability (LEA) in female and male track and field
athletes is between 18% and 58% with the highest prevalence among athletes in endurance …

Primary, secondary and tertiary prevention of Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (REDs): a narrative review by a subgroup of the IOC consensus on REDs

MK Torstveit, KE Ackerman, N Constantini… - British journal of sports …, 2023 - bjsm.bmj.com
Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (REDs) is common among female and male athletes
representing various sports at different performance levels, and the underlying cause is …

Pitfalls of conducting and interpreting estimates of energy availability in free-living athletes

LM Burke, B Lundy… - … journal of sport …, 2018 - journals.humankinetics.com
The human body requires energy for numerous functions including, growth, thermogenesis,
reproduction, cellular maintenance, and movement. In sports nutrition, energy availability …

Review of the scientific rationale, development and validation of the International Olympic Committee Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport Clinical Assessment Tool: V …

T Stellingwerff, M Mountjoy, WTP McCluskey… - British Journal of …, 2023 - bjsm.bmj.com
Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (REDs) has various different risk factors, numerous
signs and symptoms and is heavily influenced by one's environment. Accordingly, there is …