Under conditions of nutrient deprivation or stress, or as cells enter stationary phase,
Escherichia coli and related bacteria increase the accumulation of RpoS, a specialized …

Although antibiotics have long been known to have multiple effects on bacterial cells at low
concentrations, it is only with the advent of genome transcription analyses that these …

Persistence is a reversible and low-frequency phenomenon allowing a subpopulation of a
clonal bacterial population to survive antibiotic treatments. Upon removal of the antibiotic …

The small nucleotide ppGpp acts as a global regulator of gene expression in bacteria.
Proteomic analysis of cells lacking ppGpp has shown that this nucleotide might affect many …

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) transcription is regulated primarily at the level of initiation from rRNA
promoters. The unusual kinetic properties of these promoters result in their specific …

Inorganic polyphosphate (poly P), in chains of tens to hundreds of phosphate residues,
linked by high-energy bonds, is environmentally ubiquitous and abundant. In prebiotic …

Amino acid starvation in Escherichia coli results in a spectrum of changes in gene
expression, including inhibition of rRNA and tRNA promoters and activation of certain …

Bacterial transcription is regulated by the alarmone ppGpp, which binds near the catalytic
site of RNA polymerase (RNAP) and modulates its activity. We show that the DksA protein is …

A fundamental principle of exponential bacterial growth is that no more ribosomes are
produced than are necessary to support the balance between nutrient availability and …

CsrA protein regulates important cellular processes by binding to target mRNAs and altering
their translation and/or stability. In Escherichia coli, CsrA binds to sRNAs, CsrB and CsrC …