Bipolar disorders are a complex group of severe and chronic disorders that includes bipolar
I disorder, defined by the presence of a syndromal, manic episode, and bipolar II disorder …

Regulation of emotions is generally associated exclusively with the brain. However, there is
evidence that peripheral systems are also involved in mood, stress vulnerability vs …

Treatmentresistant depression (TRD) is common and associated with multiple serious
public health implications. A consensus definition of TRD with demonstrated predictive utility …

Bipolar disorder is heterogeneous in phenomenology, illness trajectory, and response to
treatment. Despite evidence for the efficacy of multimodality interventions, the majority of …

Importance Bipolar II disorder (BDII) is a debilitating condition frequently associated with
difficult-to-treat depressive episodes. Psilocybin has evidence for rapid-acting …

Background Bipolar depression accounts for most of the disease duration in type I and type
II bipolar disorder (BD), with few treatment options, often poorly tolerated. Many individuals …

Ketamine and esketamine, the S-enantiomer of the racemic mixture, have recently
generated considerable interest as potential therapeutic agents for Treatment-Resistant …

Abstract Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) represents a severe clinical condition with
high social and economic costs. Esketamine Nasal Spray (ESK-NS) has recently been …

Mental disorders are rapidly increasing each year and have become a major challenge
affecting the social and financial well-being of individuals. There is a need for phenotypic …

Background: Clinical trials have demonstrated rapid antidepressant effects with intravenous
(IV) ketamine for major depressive disorder, with relatively less research specifically for …