Regulatory T (Treg) cells represent a distinct lineage of cells of the adaptive immune system
indispensable for forestalling fatal autoimmune and inflammatory pathologies. The role of …

Transforming growth factor–β1 (TGF-β1) is inextricably linked to regulatory T cell (Treg)
biology. However, precisely untangling the role for TGF-β1 in Treg differentiation and …

The mammalian intestine is colonized by trillions of microorganisms that have co-evolved
with the host in a symbiotic relationship. The presence of large numbers of symbionts near …

Cellular therapies using regulatory T (Treg) cells are currently undergoing clinical trials for
the treatment of autoimmune diseases, transplant rejection and graft-versus-host disease. In …

Regulatory T (Treg) cells suppress abnormal/excessive immune responses to self‐and
nonself‐antigens to maintain immune homeostasis. In tumor immunity, Treg cells are …

Regulatory T (Treg) cells, an immunosuppressive subset of CD4+ T cells characterized by
the expression of the master transcription factor forkhead box protein P3 (FOXP3), are a …

The immune system plays a critical role in protecting hosts from the invasion of organisms.
CD4 T cells, as a key component of the immune system, are central in orchestrating adaptive …

Follicular helper T (TFH) cells provide help to B cells, supporting the formation of germinal
centres that allow affinity maturation of antibody responses. Although usually located in …

Balanced immunity is pivotal for health and homeostasis. CD4+ helper T (Th) cells are
central to the balance between immune tolerance and immune rejection. Th cells adopt …

T-regulatory cells (Tregs) represent a unique subpopulation of helper T-cells by maintaining
immune equilibrium using various mechanisms. The role of T-cell receptors (TCR) in …