Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) is an immune checkpoint inhibitor that binds to its
receptor PD-1 expressed by T cells and other immune cells to regulate immune responses; …

Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is the causative agent of a fatal malignancy
known as adult T-cell leukemia (ATL). One way to address the pathology of the disease lies …

Peripheral T cell lymphomas (PTCLs) are a heterogeneous group of orphan neoplasms.
Despite the introduction of anthracycline-based chemotherapy protocols, with or without …

Viral infection induces potent cellular immunity and activated intracellular signaling, which
may dictate the driver events involved in immune escape and clonal selection of virus …

Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) is a heterogeneous group of peripheral T-cell
malignancies characterized by human T-cell leukemia virus type-1 infection, whose genetic …

With the recent approvals for the application of monoclonal antibodies that target the well-
characterized immune checkpoints, immune therapy shows great potential against both …

Adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma (ATL) is an aggressive T-cell malignancy caused by human
T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) infection that often occurs in HTLV-1-endemic areas …

Introduction: The promotion of antitumor response by targeting co-stimulatory B7 superfamily
members has become evident to create a new wave of cancer immunotherapy. Inducible Co …

Going back to their discovery in the early 1980s, both the Human T-cell Leukemia virus type-
1 (HTLV-1) and the Human Immunodeficiency Virus type-1 (HIV-1) greatly fascinated the …

Introduction: The recent success of checkpoint-inhibitors in cancer treatment paved the way
for the development of new strategies of agonist and antagonist agents against B7 …