Anabasine and anatabine are minor alkaloids in tobacco products and are precursors for
tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs). The levels of these two compounds have been used …

Background Smoking and alcohol consumption may compromise health by way of
epigenetic modifications. Epigenetic signatures of alcohol and tobacco consumption could …

Background and Aims Mutations in DNA mismatch repair (MMR) genes are causative in
Lynch syndrome and a significant proportion of sporadic colorectal cancers (CRCs). MMR …

Introduction Cotinine is a widely used biomarker for classifying cigarette smoking status.
However, cotinine does not differentiate between the use of combustible and …

Humans are exposed to furan, a toxicant and possible human carcinogen, through multiple
sources including diet and tobacco smoke. The urinary metabolites of furan are derived from …

Co-exposure to tobacco and marijuana has become common in areas where recreational
marijuana use is legal. To assist in the determination of the combined health risks of this co …

Introduction To date, no studies have evaluated the consistency of biomarker levels in
people who smoke over a long-time period in real-world conditions with a large number of …

Background: Sex and racial/ethnic identity-specific cut-points for validating tobacco use
using Wave 1 (W1) of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study were …

Biomarkers of tobacco exposure are known to be associated with disease risk but previous
studies are limited in number and restricted to certain regions. We conducted a nested case …

Significance Determining if tobacco-related biomarkers of exposure (BOE) are associated
with respiratory symptoms is an important public health tool that can be used to evaluate the …