Inflammatory pain is caused by peripheral tissue injury and inflammation. Inflammation
leads to peripheral sensitization, which may further cause central sensitization, resulting in …

Acupuncture, as a traditional treatment, has been extensively used in China for thousands of
years. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), acupuncture is recommended for …

Chronic pain easily leads to concomitant mood disorders, and the excitability of anterior
cingulate cortex (ACC) pyramidal neurons (PNs) is involved in chronic pain-related anxiety …

Pain memory is commonly considered an underlying cause of chronic pain and is also
responsible for a range of anxiety. Electroacupuncture (EA) has been shown to ameliorate …

Neuropathic pain is a common cause of chronic pain and is often accompanied by negative
emotions, making it complex and difficult to treat. However, the neural circuit mechanisms …

Chronic inflammatory pain is a common clinical disease that tends to be associated with
negative emotions such as anxiety and depression. The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is …

The lateral habenula (LHb) is a tiny structure that acts as a hub, relaying signals from the
limbic forebrain structures and basal ganglia to the brainstem modulatory area. Facilitated …

Background Chronic inflammatory pain (CIP) frequently coincides with depression among
patients. The onset and development of pain and depression are associated with altered …

Background Chronic pain (CP) as a long-lasting stressor can often cause mood disorders,
such as depression or anxiety. The comorbidity of CP and mood disorders poses challenges …

Many cases of acute pain can be resolved with few side effects. However, some cases of
acute pain may persist beyond the time required for tissue injury recovery and transit to …