Myocardial ischemia is a disease with high morbidity and mortality, for which reperfusion is
currently the standard intervention. However, the reperfusion may lead to further myocardial …

Mitophagy is a selective autophagic process, essential for cellular homeostasis, that
eliminates dysfunctional mitochondria. Activated by inner membrane depolarization, it plays …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant ingredients are a series of crucial signaling
molecules in oxidative stress response. Under some pathological conditions such as …

In 2008, we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy.
Since then, this topic has received increasing attention, and many scientists have entered …

Mitochondria are key regulators of cell fate during disease. They control cell survival via the
production of ATP that fuels cellular processes and, conversely, cell death via the induction …

Autophagy is a highly conserved process that degrades certain intracellular contents in both
physiological and pathological conditions. Autophagy-related proteins (ATG) are key players …

Modification of histones is one of the important mechanisms of epigenetics, in which genetic
control is determined by factors other than an individual's DNA sequence. Sirtuin family …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are small and highly reactive molecules that can oxidize
proteins, lipids and DNA. When tightly controlled, ROS serve as signaling molecules by …

Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (IR) is a complex pathological process. Although autophagy
can be evoked by ischemia, its involvement in the reperfusion phase after ischemia and its …

Autophagy is a lysosomal degradation pathway that is essential for survival, differentiation,
development, and homeostasis. Autophagy principally serves an adaptive role to protect …