Tumorigenesis begins long before the growth of a clinically detectable lesion and, indeed,
even before any of the usual morphological correlates of pre-malignancy are recognizable …

Evidence indicates that diet, nutrition, lifestyle, the environment, the microbiome, and other
exogenous factors have pathogenic roles and also influence the genome, epigenome …

Every cancer originates from a single cell. During expansion of the neoplastic cell
population, individual cells acquire genetic and phenotypic differences from each other …

Prostate cancer is the most frequent nonskin cancer and second most common cause of
cancer-related deaths in man. Prostate cancer is a clinically heterogeneous disease with …

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most prevalent cancers affecting humans, with a
complex genetic and environmental aetiology. Unlike cancers with known environmental …

Breast cancer affects one in seven women worldwide during their lifetime. Widespread
mammographic screening programs and education campaigns allow for early detection of …

Immunotherapy strategies targeting immune checkpoints such as the CTLA4 and CD274
(programmed cell death 1 ligand 1, PD-L1)/PDCD1 (programmed cell death 1, PD-1) T-cell …

The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a master regulator of cellular phenotype and behavior. It
has a crucial role in both normal tissue homeostasis and disease pathology. Here we …

The burden of cancer from a clinical, societal, and economic viewpoint continues to increase
in all parts of the world, along with much debate regarding how to confront this. Projected …

Molecular pathology diagnostics to subclassify diseases based on pathogenesis are
increasingly common in clinical translational medicine. Molecular pathological epidemiology …