Several epidemiologic and toxicological studies have commonly viewed ambient fine
particulate matter (PM2. 5), defined as particles having an aerodynamic diameter of less …

Since the industrial revolution, air pollution has become a major problem causing several
health problems involving the airways as well as the cardiovascular, reproductive, or …

Bronchial asthma is a common chronic airway disease, and long-term management of
asthma is the focus and challenge of clinical treatment. Glucocorticoids are often used as the …

Allergic asthma is the most common pulmonary inflammatory disease, and epidemiological
studies have revealed that PM 2.5 or ambient ozone (O 3) exposure contribute to the higher …

The adverse effects of polluted air on human health have been increasingly appreciated
worldwide. It is estimated that outdoor air pollution is associated with the death of 4.2 million …

Background The associations of long-term exposure to air pollutants in the presence of
asthmatic symptoms remain inconclusive and the joint effects of air pollutants as a mixture …

Forty-six percent of the world's population resides in rural areas, the majority of whom
belong to vulnerable groups. They mainly use cheap solid fuels for cooking and heating …

Much is known about the link between air pollution and asthma in adults, particularly fine
particulate matter (PM2. 5). Studies have found that certain levels of fine PM2. 5 can …

Particulate matter (PM) significantly contributes to the global health crisis of respiratory
diseases. It is known to induce and exacerbate conditions such as asthma and respiratory …

Asthma is a major respiratory disorder characterised by chronic inflammation and airway
remodelling. It affects about 1–8% of the global population and is responsible for over …