The difficulty to simultaneously record neural activity and behavior presents a considerable
limitation for studying mechanisms of insect learning and memory. The challenge is finding a …

Insects are the largest taxon of arthropods, characterized by a segmented body plan. They
comprise the most abundant and diverse group of animals. Many insects show highly …

Mushroom bodies (MBs) are prominent neuropils in the insect brain that have been
implicated in higher order processing such as sensory integration, learning and memory …

Visual cues provide an important means for aerial creatures to ascertain their self-motion
through the environment. In many insects, including flies, moths, and bees, wide-field motion …

Bees use visual memories to find the spatial location of previously learnt food sites.
Characteristic learning flights help acquiring these memories at newly discovered foraging …

Many predatory animals, such as the praying mantis, use vision for prey detection and
capture. Mantises are known in particular for their capability to estimate distances to prey by …

The bumblebee (Bombus terrestris) has become a common model animal in the study of
various aspects of vision and visually guided behavior. Although the bumblebee visual …

Pollinators have the capability of discriminating a wide variety of floral cues in order to
identify rewarding flowers. However, little is known about how possible ecological or …

The proboscis extension response (PER) reflex may be used to condition the pairing of an
odor with sucrose, which is applied to the antennae, in experiments to induce learning …

To rapidly process biologically relevant stimuli, sensory systems have developed a broad
variety of coding mechanisms like parallel processing and coincidence detection. Parallel …