Carbapenem resistance is a major and an on-going public health problem globally. It occurs
mainly among Gram-negative pathogens such as Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas …

Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) is undoubtedly one of the most successful
pathogens in the modern healthcare system. With invasive procedures, antibiotic use and …

Carbapenemases are β-lactamases with versatile hydrolytic capacities. They have the ability
to hydrolyze penicillins, cephalosporins, monobactams, and carbapenems. Bacteria …

We may soon be facing the end of the “antibiotic era.” The initial and seemingly unstoppable
success of antibiotics, the fruit of human ingenuity, has been countered by an escalation of …

Antibiotic resistance is a major global public health concern. Acinetobacter baumannii is a
nosocomial pathogen that has emerged as a global threat because of its high levels of …

Integrons are genetic elements first described at the end of the 1980s. Although most
integrons were initially described in human clinical isolates, they have now been identified …

Background Acinetobacter baumannii infection is a serious public health problem because it
is highly resistant to antimicrobial therapy and causes a high fatality rate in critically ill …

Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is a driving force to the evolution of bacteria. The fast
emergence of antimicrobial resistance reflects the ability of genetic adaptation of pathogens …

The multi drug resistant gram negative bacteria especially Pseudomonas aeruginosa and
Acinetobacter species are on the rise. The major defense in these bacteria against beta …

Twenty-nine IMP-type β-lactamases (IMPs) have been identified in at least 26 species of
clinically important Gram-negative bacilli from more than 24 countries/regions. Most of bla …