Bipolar disorders (BDs) are recurrent and sometimes chronic disorders of mood that affect
around 2% of the world's population and encompass a spectrum between severe elevated …

Ketamine and esketamine, the S-enantiomer of the racemic mixture, have recently
generated considerable interest as potential therapeutic agents for Treatment-Resistant …

Abstract Introduction Intravenous ketamine (KET-IV) and intranasal esketamine (ESK-NS)
are effective in the acute treatment of Treatment-Resistant Depression (TRD). Studies …

Abstract Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) represents a severe clinical condition with
high social and economic costs. Esketamine Nasal Spray (ESK-NS) has recently been …

Introduction Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) is a serious and debilitating psychiatric
disorder that frequently affects older patients. Esketamine nasal spray (ESK-NS) has …

Background: The therapeutic potential of subanesthetic doses of ketamine appears
promising in unipolar depression; however, its effectiveness in treating bipolar depression …

Esketamine, the S-enantiomer of ketamine, has recently emerged as a therapy for treatment-
resistant depression (TRD), showing both rapid antidepressant action and good efficacy and …

Background The efficacy of esketamine in treatment-resistant depression (TRD) has been
confirmed. However, its administration is expensive and restrictive, with limited knowledge …

Ketamine has shown rapid antidepressant and anti-suicidal effects in treatment-resistant
depression (TRD) with single and serial intravenous (IV) infusions, but the effectiveness for …

Background: Treatment-resistant bipolar depression is one of the leading problems in
psychiatry with serious consequences on patients functioning, quality of life and resource …