We review progress in high-energy cosmic ray physics focusing on recent experimental
results and models developed for their interpretation. Emphasis is put on the propagation of …

The origin and composition of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) remain a mystery.
The proton dip model describes their spectral shape in the energy range above 10 9 GeV by …

We use a multimessenger approach to constrain realistic mixed composition models of
ultrahigh energy cosmic ray sources using the latest cosmic ray, neutrino, and gamma-ray …

One of the uncertainties in the interpretation of ultrahigh energy cosmic ray data comes from
the hadronic interaction models used for air shower Monte Carlo (MC) simulations. The …

The origin of ultrahigh energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) has been an open question for
decades. Here, we use a combination of hydrodynamic simulations and general physical …

The results of simulations of extragalactic propagation of ultra-high energy cosmic rays
(UHECRs) have intrinsic uncertainties due to poorly known physical quantities and …

The sources of ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) have been stubbornly elusive.
However, the latest report of the Pierre Auger Observatory provides a compelling indication …

Abstract The Telescope Array (TA) experiment is the largest detector to observe ultra-high-
energy cosmic rays in the northern hemisphere. The fluorescence detectors at two stations …

The world largest exposure to ultra-high energy cosmic rays accumulated by the Pierre
Auger Observatory led to major advances in our understanding of their properties, but the …

Context. Starbursts are galaxies undergoing massive episodes of star formation. The
combined effect of stellar winds from hot stars and supernova explosions creates a high …