In mammals, hundreds of proteins use iron in a multitude of cellular functions, including vital
processes such as mitochondrial respiration, gene regulation and DNA synthesis or repair …

Iron is essential in many physiological processes, including DNA metabolism, oxygen
transport, and cellular energy generation. Deregulated iron metabolism, which results in iron …

Iron homeostasis is essential for health; moreover, hepcidin-deficiency results in iron
overload in both hereditary hemochromatosis and iron-loading anemia. Here, we identified …

Transition metal ions are key elements of various biological processes ranging from oxygen
formation to hypoxia sensing, and therefore, their homeostasis is maintained within strict …

Iron is required for many biological processes but is also toxic in excess; thus, body iron
balance is maintained through sophisticated regulatory mechanisms. The lack of a regulated …

The liver orchestrates systemic iron balance by producing and secreting hepcidin. Known as
the iron hormone, hepcidin induces degradation of the iron exporter ferroportin to control …

Iron is a vital trace element for humans, as it plays a crucial role in oxygen transport,
oxidative metabolism, cellular proliferation, and many catalytic reactions. To be beneficial …

Despite fluctuations in dietary iron intake and intermittent losses through bleeding, the
plasma iron concentrations in humans remain stable at 10–30μM. While most of the iron …

A classic physiologic response to systemic hypoxia is the increase in red blood cell
production. Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) orchestrate this response by inducing cell-type …

Disruptions in iron homeostasis from both iron deficiency and overload account for some of
the most common human diseases. Iron metabolism is balanced by two regulatory systems …