The cancer-immunity cycle provides a framework to understand the series of events that
generate anti-cancer immune responses. It emphasizes the iterative nature of the response …

Tumours display an astonishing variation in the spatial distribution, composition and
activation state of immune cells, which impacts their progression and response to …

Natural killer (NK) cells, which are innate lymphocytes endowed with potent cytotoxic
activity, have recently attracted attention as potential anticancer therapeutics. While NK cells …

The TGF-β regulatory system plays crucial roles in the preservation of organismal integrity.
TGF-β signaling controls metazoan embryo development, tissue homeostasis, and injury …

Mitochondria are organelles that are able to adjust and respond to different stressors and
metabolic needs within a cell, showcasing their plasticity and dynamic nature. These …

Adenosine is an evolutionary ancient metabolic regulator linking energy state to physiologic
processes, including immunomodulation and cell proliferation. Tumors create an adenosine …

In recent years, breakthroughs have been made in tumor immunotherapy. However, tumor
immunotherapy, particularly anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint inhibitors, is effective in …

Tissue localization is a critical determinant of T cell immunity. CD8+ T cells are contact-
dependent killers, which requires them to physically be within the tissue of interest to kill …

Cancer stemness, defined as the self-renewal and tumor-initiation potential of cancer stem
cells (CSCs), is a cancer biology property featuring activation of CSC signaling networks …

Tumor-associated inflammation (TAI) is a feature of essentially all cancers and can confer
both tumor-promoting and-suppressive functions. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) …