Advancements in lymphography technology are essential for comprehensive investigation of
the lymphatic system and its function. Here, a shortwave infrared (SWIR) luminescence …

Background Invasive imaging techniques have been applied for lymphedema (LE)
assessment; noncontrast MR lymphography (NCMLR) has potential as an alternative, but its …

As an integral part of the vascular system, the lymphatic vasculature is essential for tissue
fluid homeostasis, nutritional lipid assimilation and immune regulation. The composition of …

Background: Lymphedema is a chronic peripheral swelling caused by a dysfunction of the
lymphatic system, leading to discomfort and loss of upper limb movement. Therapies to treat …

The lymphatic system plays a very important role in body fluid homeostasis, adaptive
immunity, and the transportation of lipid and waste products. In patients with liver cirrhosis …

Abstract Photoacoustic (PA) imaging (PAI) is an emerging powerful tool for noninvasive real-
time mapping of blood and lymphatic vessels and lymph nodes in vivo to diagnose cancer …

Lymphedema is an important medical issue around the world, caused by an anomalous
collection of fluid in soft tissue due to congenital malformations or stenosis or obstruction of …

Upper limb lymphedema can be an unfortunate sequela following the oncologic treatment of
breast cancer. The surgical treatment of lymphedema has had a recent renewed clinical …

Background: Skin fibrosis is a clinically serious pathological process of secondary
lymphedema (SLE). The detection of latent or incipient skin fibrosis, including early tissue …

Objective Visualization of the lymphatic system is necessary for both early diagnosis and
associated treatments. A promising imaging modality is magnetic resonance lymphography …