Cancers represent complex ecosystems comprising tumor cells and a multitude of non-
cancerous cells, embedded in an altered extracellular matrix. The tumor microenvironment …

Lung cancer is the primary cause of mortality in the United States and around the globe.
Therapeutic options for lung cancer treatment include surgery, radiation therapy …

Many types of human cells self-destruct to maintain biological homeostasis and defend the
body against pathogenic substances. This process, called regulated cell death (RCD), is …

The malignant tumor is a multi-etiological, systemic and complex disease characterized by
uncontrolled cell proliferation and distant metastasis. Anticancer treatments including …

The first matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) was discovered in 1962 from the tail of a tadpole by
its ability to degrade collagen. As their name suggests, matrix metalloproteinases are …

Tumors are comprised of both cancer cells and surrounding stromal components. As an
essential part of the tumor microenvironment, the tumor stroma is highly dynamic …

Macrophages are important immune cells in innate immunity, and have remarkable
heterogeneity and polarization. Under pathological conditions, in addition to the resident …

Macrophages are versatile and heterogeneous innate immune cells undertaking central
functions in balancing immune responses and tissue repair to maintain homeostasis. This …

Strategies to therapeutically target the tumor microenvironment (TME) have emerged as a
promising approach for cancer treatment in recent years due to the critical roles of the TME …

Metastasis is a major contributor to cancer-associated deaths. It is characterized by a
multistep process that occurs through the acquisition of molecular and phenotypic changes …