Within the last decade, research regarding the human gut microbiome has exploded. While
the gastrointestinal tract was once regarded simply as a digestive organ, new technologies …

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is an extremely prevalent but poorly understood
gastrointestinal disorder. Consequently, there are no clear diagnostic markers to help …

Increasing evidence suggests that a brain–gut–microbiome axis exists, which has the
potential to play a major role in modulating behaviour. However, the role of this axis in …

In recent years, the bidirectional communication between the gut microbiome and the brain
has emerged as a factor that influences immunity, metabolism, neurodevelopment and …

The gut–brain axis is the bidirectional communication between the gut and the brain, which
occurs through multiple pathways that include hormonal, neural and immune mediators. The …

The prenatal and postnatal early-life periods are both dynamic and vulnerable windows for
brain development. During these important neurodevelopmental phases, essential …

Chronic pain patients frequently develop and suffer from mental comorbidities such as
depressive mood, impaired cognition, and other significant constraints of daily life, which …

The perception of visceral pain is a complex process involving the spinal cord and higher
order brain structures. Increasing evidence implicates the gut microbiota as a key regulator …

Visceral pain is a global term used to describe pain originating from the internal organs,
which is distinct from somatic pain. It is a hallmark of functional gastrointestinal disorders …

Gastrointestinal and mental disorders are highly comorbid, and animal models have shown
that both can be caused by early adversity (eg, parental deprivation). Interactions between …