The etiology of migraine pain involves sensitized meningeal afferents that densely innervate
the dural vasculature. These afferents, with their cell bodies located in the trigeminal …

Pulpitis is known as a typical inflammation of dental pulp tissue, and microorganisms of the
oral microbiome are involved in this opportunistic infection. Studies indicated that several …

Gram-negative bacteria derived extracellular vesicles (EVs), also known as outer membrane
vesicles, have attracted significant attention due to their pathogenic roles in various …

Dental pain is a common health problem that negatively impacts the activities of daily living.
Dentine hypersensitivity and pulpitis-associated pain are among the most common types of …

Diabetes is a global epidemic and more than 50% diabetic patients are also diagnosed with
neuropathy, which greatly affects the quality of life of the patients. Available treatments are …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are innate immune receptors that are expressed in immune cells
as well as glia and neurons of the central and peripheral nervous systems. They are best …

Peripherally-induced neuropathic pain (pNP) is a kind of NP that is common, frequent, and
difficult to treat. Tuina, also known as massage and manual therapy, has been used to treat …

The cellular and systemic effects induced by bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) have been
solely attributed to the activation of the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signalling cascade …

Corneal nerves are mainly derived from the ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal ganglion
(TG). Corneal neuropathy contributes to epithelial degenerative changes in diabetic …

The discovery of Mas-related G protein-coupled receptors (Mrgprs) has opened a
compelling chapter in our understanding of immunity and sensory biology. This family of …