White phosphorus, a chemical compound with highly flammable and smoke-generating
properties, is extensively used in military weaponry. Consequently, this substance is …

In 1812 John Davy prepared phosgene (COCl 2, MW 98.92) by mixing equal volumes of
carbonmonoxide and chlorine dried over calcium chloride. During World War I (WWI) …

Sulfur mustard (SM) is a highly reactive compound that was discovered in the 19th century
and has repeatedly been used as a chemical warfare agent. Despite decades of medical …

This chapter covers substances that are toxic by virtue of their interference with cholinergic
neurotransmission, other than neonicotinoids and spinosad, which are dealt with in Chapter …

Although the term “macrocyclic lactone” is a generic term that could be used to describe any
molecule whose structure contains a large ring with a lactone component, it is specifically …

Mustard gas (sulfur mustard, SM), a highly vesicating chemical warfare agent, was first
deployed in warfare in 1917 and recently during the Iraq–Iran war (1980s) and Syrian …

Under normal circumstances, it is the primary users of veterinary drugs that are potentially
exposed to the products. These include veterinarians, veterinary nurses, farmers (including …

Biohazardous materials are a class of natural or bioengineered components of
microorganisms/infectious substances that cause fatality, disease, biological complications …

Organophosphorus nerve agents (NAs) are known as the deadliest chemical warfare
agents. The NAs have four classes G, V, and GV agents and Novichok family. They are …

When general practitioners are faced with claims of less-than-lethal weapon injuries, or
when such injuries are suspected based on limited evidence or information, they are obliged …