Animal models are an important aid in experimental medical science because they enable
one to study the pathogenetic mechanisms and the therapeutic principles of treating the …

Mitochondria play a critical role in cellular energy metabolism. The identification of a
respiratory chain defect in Parkinson's disease (PD) provides not only a direct link with toxin …

Shortly after the introduction of high-dosage levodopa for the treatment of Parkinson's
disease (PD), adverse motor effects of dyskinesias and clinical fluctuations (“wearing-off” …

Dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra of human brain are selectively vulnerable and the
number decline by aging at 5–10% per decade. Enzymatic and non-enzymatic oxidation of …

Administration of 3, 4‐methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA or 'ecstasy') to several
species results in a long lasting neurotoxic degeneration of 5‐hydroxytryptaminergic …

The role of mitochondrial permeability transition (PT) in apoptosis induced by an
endogenous neurotoxin, N‐methyl (R) salsolinol [NM (R) Sal], was studied by use of …

Salsolinol, 1-methyl-6, 7-dihydroxy-1, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydroisoquinoline, is an endogenous
catechol isoquinoline detected in humans by M. Sandler. In human brain, a series of …

The cause of neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease (PD) remains unknown. However,
isoquinoline derivatives structurally related to the selective dopaminergic toxin 1-methyl-4 …

Although Parkinson's disease is characterized by a loss of dopaminergic neurons in the
substantia nigra not all dopaminergic neurons degenerate in this disease. This suggests that …

A dopamine-derived alkaloid, N-methyl-(R)-salsolinol [NM (R) Sal], enantioselectively
occurs in human brains and accumulates in the nigrostriatal system. It increases in the …