Although the treatment of myocardial infarction (MI) has improved considerably, it is still a
worldwide disease with high morbidity and high mortality. Whilst there is still a long way to …

Bone remodeling is a lifelong process that gives rise to a mature, dynamic bone structure via
a balance between bone formation by osteoblasts and resorption by osteoclasts. These …

Cells have the ability to respond to various types of environmental cues, and in many cases
these cues induce directed cell migration towards or away from these signals. How cells …

The proteins extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 (ERK1) and ERK2 are the downstream
components of a phosphorelay pathway that conveys growth and mitogenic signals largely …

The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is a widespread neuromodulatory network involved in
the developing central nervous system as well as playing a major role in tuning many …

INTRODUCTION Human beings are equipped with multiple senses (sight, hearing, smell,
taste, touch, and proprioception) to help them to react properly to their environment. The …

The intestinal surface is constitutively exposed to diverse antigens, such as food antigens,
food-borne pathogens, and commensal microbes. Intestinal epithelial cells have developed …

Rho GTPases are a family of small G proteins that regulate a wide array of cellular
processes related to their key roles controlling the cytoskeleton. Cancer is a multistep …

Life is a non‐equilibrium state of matter maintained at the expense of energy. Nature uses
predominantly chemical energy stored in thermodynamically activated, but kinetically stable …

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, are
associated with dysbiosis of the gut microbiome. Emerging evidence suggests that small …