Natural killer (NK) cells play critical roles in host immunity against cancer. In response,
cancers develop mechanisms to escape NK cell attack or induce defective NK cells. Current …

ABSTRACT A major advantage of DNA vaccination is the ability to induce both humoral and
cellular immune responses. DNA vaccines are currently used in veterinary medicine, but …

Background Our study aimed to determine the effect of probiotic consumption containing six
viable microorganisms of 30× 10 10 cfu Lactobacillus and Bifidobacteria strains for six …

There is increasing evidence that gut microbiome perturbations, also known as dysbiosis,
can influence colorectal cancer development. To understand the mechanisms by which the …

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Gram-negative bacteria is one of the most potent innate
immune-activating stimuli known. Here we review the current understanding of LPS effects …

Abstract Interleukin-12 (IL-12) is a heterodimeric pro-inflammatory cytokine that induces the
production of interferon-γ (IFN-γ), favours the differentiation of T helper 1 (TH1) cells and …

A novel sequence discovered in a computational screen appears distantly related to the p35
subunit of IL-12. This factor, which we term p19, shows no biological activity by itself; …

The role of macrophages in tumour growth and development is complex and multifaceted.
Whilst there is limited evidence that tumour‐associated macrophages (TAMs) can be directly …

An efficient Th1-driven adaptive immune response requires activation of the T cell receptor
and secretion of the T cell stimulatory cytokine IL-12 by activated antigen-presenting cells. IL …

Although interleukin-18 is structurally homologous to IL-1 and its receptor belongs to the IL-
1R/Toll-like receptor (TLR) superfamily, its function is quite different from that of IL-1. IL-18 is …