Neurodegenerative diseases and disorders seriously impact memory and cognition and can
become life-threatening. Current medical techniques attempt to combat these detrimental …

This review focuses on the state‐of‐the‐art of the three major classes of gas contrast agents
used in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)—hyperpolarized (HP) gas, molecular oxygen …

Purpose To compare hyperpolarized helium‐3 (3He) and xenon‐129 (129Xe) MRI in
asthmatics before and after salbutamol inhalation. Materials and Methods Seven asthmatics …

The environmental stress from the exposure to toxin and drugs may induce the production of
reactive oxygen species (ROS).[1] ROS are high-energy oxygen-bearing molecules …

Pulmonary functional imaging may be defined as the regional quantification of lung function
by using primarily CT, MRI, and nuclear medicine techniques. The distribution of pulmonary …

Hypoxia is a recognized characteristic of tumors that influences efficacy of radiotherapy (RT).
Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) is a relatively new imaging technique that exploits the optical …

In the last two decades, functional imaging of the lungs using hyperpolarized noble gases
has entered the clinical stage. Both helium (3 He) and xenon (129 Xe) gas have been …

Specific ventilation (SV) is the ratio of fresh gas entering a lung region divided by its end-
expiratory volume. To quantify the vertical (gravitationally dependent) gradient of SV in eight …

Multiple thoracic imaging modalities have been developed to link structure to function in the
diagnosis and monitoring of lung disease. Volumetric computed tomography (CT) renders …

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) involves a complex interaction of structural
and functional abnormalities. The two have long been studied in isolation. However …