Inorganic phosphate (Pi) is an essential component of many biologically important
molecules such as DNA, RNA, ATP, phospholipids, or apatite. It is required for intracellular …

Abstract Purpose of Review In this article, we summarize recent advances in understanding
hypertension and cardiovascular disease in patients with end-stage kidney disease. Recent …

Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), which is triggered by a transient reduction or cessation of
blood flow followed by reperfusion, is a significant cause of acute kidney injury (AKI). IRI can …

The interleukin 1 (IL-1) family plays a significant role in the innate immune response. IL-1
receptor 2 (IL-1R2) is the decoy receptor of IL-1. It is a negative regulator that can be …

α-Klotho is a known anti-aging protein that exerts diverse physiological effects, including
phosphate homeostasis. Klotho expression occurs predominantly in the kidney and is …

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) with high morbidity and mortality all over the world is
characterized by decreased kidney function, a condition which can result from numerous risk …

Iron is a key element for normal cellular function and plays a role in many cellular processes
including mitochondrial respiration. The role of iron deficiency (ID) in heart failure (HF) has …

Background The measurement of Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) may be useful in the
diagnosis and management of abnormal phosphate metabolism in both patients with …

The regulation of whole-body homeostasis by the skeleton is mediated by its capacity to
secrete endocrine signaling molecules. Although bone-derived hormones confer several …

Background: Increased FGF23 levels are an early pathological feature in chronic kidney
disease (CKD), causing increased cardiovascular risk. The regulation of FGF23 expression …