The creativity and emergence of biological and psychological behavior tend to be nonlinear,
and correspondingly, biological and psychological measures contain degrees of irregularity …

Turing inspired a computer metaphor of the mind and brain that has been handy and has
spawned decades of empirical investigation, but he did much more and offered behavioral …

Any reliable biomarker has to be specific, generalizable, and reproducible across
individuals and contexts. The exact values of such a biomarker must represent similar health …

Biological and psychological processes routinely break ergodicity, meaning they fail to have
stable means (M ean) and independent variation over time that we might find in additive …

Anomalous diffusion in various complex systems abounds in nature and spans multiple
space and time scales. Canonical characterization techniques that rely upon mean squared …

Ergodicity breaking is a challenge for biological and psychological sciences. Ergodicity is a
necessary condition for linear causal modeling. Long-range correlations and non …

The stochastic processes underlying the growth and stability of biological and psychological
systems reveal themselves when far-from-equilibrium. Far-from-equilibrium, non-ergodicity …

Stimulation and movement interact non-linearly across multiple scales—a point empirically
and quantitatively available through multifractal structure. Multifractal movements might …

Multifractal formalisms provide an apt framework to study random cascades in which
multifractal spectrum width $\Delta\alpha $ fluctuates depending on the number of estimable …

Abstract Detrended Fluctuation Analysis (DFA) is the most popular fractal analytical
technique used to evaluate the strength of long-range correlations in empirical time series in …