Introduction Pain treatment is best performed when a patient-centric, safety-based
philosophy is used to determine an algorithmic process to guide care. Since 2007, the …

The importance of adenosine for human health cannot be overstated. Indeed, this ubiquitous
nucleoside is an integral component of ATP, and regulates the function of every tissue and …

The inhibitory adenosine A1 receptor (A1R) and excitatory A2A receptor (A2AR) are
predominantly expressed in the brain. Whereas the A2AR has been implicated in normal …

The main focus for the development of adenosine targets as analgesics to date has been A
1 Rs due to its antinociceptive profile in various preclinical pain models. The usefulness of …

Aging-related salivary dysfunction commonly induces the poor oral health, including
decreased saliva flow and dental caries. Although the clinical significance of the salivary …

Although multiple treatments have been advocated for complex regional pain syndrome
(CRPS), the levels of supportive evidence are variable and sometimes limited. The purpose …

Regrettably, the list of unique analgesic tools has expanded very slowly during the past few
decades. Many very promising drugs have failed once tested in clinical populations, and the …

Ortho-eugenol is a much used phenylpropanoid whose ability to reduce pain and
inflammation has never been studied. Researching ortho-eugenol's antinociceptive and anti …

Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a problem during cancer treatment
and for cancer survivors but the central mechanisms underlying CIPN remain understudied …

Objectives This review aims to analyse the published data on preclinical and human
experimental and clinical adenosine modulation for pain management. We summarise the …