Dendritic cells (DCs) are a group of APCs that have an extraordinary capacity to interact with
T and B cells and modulate their responses to invading pathogens. Although a number of …

The neuropathological correlates of encephalopathy and autonomic dysfuction in septic
shock are unclear. We performed post mortem analysis of 5 brain areas susceptible to …

The exquisitely orchestrated adaptive response to stressors that challenge the homeostasis
of the cell and organism involves important changes in mitochondrial function. A complex …

Sepsis and multiple organ failure continue to be significant problems among trauma, burn,
and the critically ill patient population. Thus, a number of laboratories have focused on …

Background. Cardiac dysfunction is present in> 40% of sepsis patients and is associated
with mortality rates of up to 70%. Recent evidence suggests that glycolytic metabolism plays …

Background Lactate clearance, a surrogate for the magnitude and duration of global tissue
hypoxia, is used diagnostically, therapeutically and prognostically. This study examined the …

Objective–To review the human and veterinary literature on the biology of apoptosis in
health and disease. Data Sources–Data were examined from the human and veterinary …

Peptide antibiotics possess the potent antimicrobial activities against invading
microorganisms and contribute to the innate host defense. An antibacterial cathelicidin …

Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) has been proposed to be the physiologic
counter-regulator of glucocorticoid action within the immune system. In this role, MIF's …

Thymopoiesis is essential for development and maintenance of a robust and healthy
immune system. Acute thymic atrophy is a complication of many infections, environmental …